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Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001) - Saint Helena (2002)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001) z Saint Helena (2002)

 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001)Saint Helena (2002)
 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)Saint Helena
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Age structure 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%
0-14 years: 18.8% (male 698; female 678)


15-64 years: 71.9% (male 2,727; female 2,531)


65 years and over: 9.3% (male 296; female 387) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha)
Airports 5 (2000 est.) 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
3

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
12,173 sq km

land:
12,173 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
total: 410 sq km


land: 410 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes St. Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population 13.26 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$66.2 million

expenditures:
$67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
revenues: $11.2 million


expenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92)
Capital Stanley Jamestown
Climate cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Coastline 1,288 km 60 km
Constitution 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 1 January 1989
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Saint Helena
Currency Falkland pound (FKP) Saint Helenian pound (SHP)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population 6.29 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $NA $NA
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international claimed by Argentina none
Economic aid - recipient $1.7 million (1995) $12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Economy - overview The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. To encourage tourism, the Falkland Islands Development Corporation has built three lodges for visitors attracted by the abundant wildlife and trout fishing. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Electricity - consumption 11.2 million kWh (1999) 4.65 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 12 million kWh (1999) 5 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Usborne 705 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups British African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Exchange rates Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6047 (1997); note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

head of government:
Governor Donald LAMONT (since NA May 1999); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA)

cabinet:
Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief David HOLLAMBY (since NA June 1999)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Exports $7.6 million (1995) $704,000 f.o.b. (1995)
Exports - commodities wool, hides, meat fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Exports - partners UK, Japan, Chile, NZ South Africa, UK
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 April - 31 March
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
GDP purchasing power parity - $52 million (FY95/96 est.) purchasing power parity - $18 million (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $19,000 (FY95/96 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1% (FY95/96 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 51 45 S, 59 00 W 15 56 S, 5 42 W
Geography - note deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns
Highways total:
440 km

paved:
50 km

unpaved:
390 km
total: 158 km (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)


paved: 138 km (Saint Helena 98km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)


unpaved: 20 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $24.7 million (1995) $14.434 million c.i.f. (1995)
Imports - commodities fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Imports - partners UK, Japan, Chile, NZ UK, South Africa
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing
Infant mortality rate NA deaths/1,000 live births 21.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.6% (1998) 3.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation ICFTU ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions) Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court
Labor force 1,100 (est.) 3,500


note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
99%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
1% (1993 est.)
arable land: 12.9%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 87.1% (1998 est.)
Languages English English
Legal system English common law NA
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms) presided over by the governor

elections:
last held 9 October 1997 (next to be held NA October 2001)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8
unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 June 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years
total population: 77.2 years


male: 74.31 years


female: 80.23 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 20 and over can read and write


total population: 97%


male: 97%


female: 98% (1987 est.)
Location Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa
Map references South America Africa
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) none (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches British Forces Falkland Islands (includes Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and Royal Marines), Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% -
National holiday Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality noun:
Falkland Islander(s)

adjective:
Falkland Island
noun: Saint Helenian(s)


adjective: Saint Helenian
Natural hazards strong winds persist throughout the year active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Natural resources fish, wildlife fish
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders none; all independents none
Political pressure groups and leaders none none
Population 2,895 (July 2001 est.) 7,317 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.43% (2001 est.) 0.7% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Stanley Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 1,000 (1997) 3,000 (1997)
Railways 0 km 0 km
Religions primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal NA years of age
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
general assessment: can communicate worldwide


domestic: automatic network


international: HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK ; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use NA 2,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 0 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) (1997) 0


note: television programs are received in St. Helena via satellite and distributed by cable (2002)
Terrain rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains


note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman 1.53 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate full employment; labor shortage 14% (1998 est.)
Waterways none none
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